{"id":2715,"date":"2023-10-08T11:07:15","date_gmt":"2023-10-08T10:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ancientegyptwhattoknow.com\/?p=2715"},"modified":"2025-12-16T14:57:46","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T13:57:46","slug":"paleta-de-narmer-documento-fundacional-da-identidade-egipcia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ancientegyptwhattoknow.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/08\/paleta-de-narmer-documento-fundacional-da-identidade-egipcia\/","title":{"rendered":"Paleta de Narmer: documento fundacional da identidade eg\u00edpcia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Descoberta em 1897\/98 por James E. Quibell e Frederik Green (1), em Hieracompolis, trata-se de uma paleta ritual (2) de xisto, com 64 cm de altura, esculpida em ambas as faces, que apresenta uma s\u00e9rie de epis\u00f3dios que comemoram as fa\u00e7anhas do reinado do fara\u00f3 Narmer (3).<\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Representa\u00e7\u00e3o do rei Narmer | Wikipedia<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Acima de tudo, a paleta reflete a import\u00e2ncia que a unifica\u00e7\u00e3o do Alto e Baixo Egipto teve na constru\u00e7\u00e3o da identidade eg\u00edpcia. O epis\u00f3dio que narra acabar\u00e1 por ser uma alegoria que se repetir\u00e1 ao longo de toda a Hist\u00f3ria do Egipto: a expuls\u00e3o de povos estrangeiros que se tentam apoderar do territ\u00f3rio e as constantes tentativas de reunifica\u00e7\u00e3o do territ\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Decifrando os pormenores…<\/span><\/h2>
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Detalhe do topo de ambas as faces, com o serekh de Narmer no meio <\/a><\/span><\/div>
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No topo da paleta, entre as duas cabe\u00e7as da deusa Bat, encontram-se um par de hier\u00f3glifos inseridos dentro de um serekh (5): um peixe-gato (nar) e um cinzel (mer). Estes sinais desvendaram a identidade do personagem central da narrativa: Narmer.<\/span><\/div>
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B<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>
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A<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>
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Desenho de ambas as faces (B, A) da Paleta de Narmer<\/a><\/span><\/div>
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Ambas as faces da paleta apresentam-se profusamente decoradas em baixo-relevo \u2014 um c\u00e2none que reger\u00e1 maior parte da produ\u00e7\u00e3o art\u00edstica daqui para a frente. Na face (A) podemos ver Narmer, sob o olhar atento de duas vacas, a envergar uma coroa cil\u00edndrica de remate arredondado \u2014 hedjet<\/a>, a coroa branca do Alto Egipto. <\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Na parte central, o monarca ergue no ar uma ma\u00e7a de maneira a atingir um inimigo prostrado a seus p\u00e9s, agarrado pelos cabelos com a m\u00e3o contr\u00e1ria. Aos p\u00e9s do rei-guerreiro surgem retratados os seus inimigos abatidos. <\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Detalhe da face A<\/span><\/div>
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Os momentos em que o monarca aparece s\u00e3o de um simbolismo enorme, uma vez que pretendem passar a ideia de que o rei conseguia subjugar todos os que lhe fizessem frente. Narmer \u00e9 idealizado como aquele que consegue espezinhar o inimigo, exercendo o seu dom\u00ednio num horizonte livre de advers\u00e1rios. <\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Desta forma, a paleta reflete a mensagem \u00f3bvia que pretendia passar: o rei era a for\u00e7a motriz do combate e da lideran\u00e7a, era ele quem assegurava a paz e bania todos os que lhe faziam frente. <\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Detalhe da face <\/a>A<\/span><\/div>
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O cativo agarrado por Narmer aparece representado com as carater\u00edsticas t\u00edpicas dos l\u00edbios \u2014 barba e cabelos encaracolados. Contudo, este poderia tamb\u00e9m pertencer a qualquer outra tribo que habitasse na zona norte do territ\u00f3rio eg\u00edpcio.<\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Ainda na mesma cena, e em frente ao fara\u00f3, podemos observar o deus H\u00f3rus sob a forma de um falc\u00e3o representando o lado divino do rei. A ave pousa graciosamente uma das patas em cima de um conjunto de papiros que saem das costas de um inimigo. Recorrendo a um instrumento, H\u00f3rus submete o homem pelas narinas, aludindo \u00e0 conquista do delta (Baixo Egipto).<\/span> <\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Detalhe da face A | <\/a><\/span>CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Na face contr\u00e1ria (B), o rei fixa o olhar em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a um conjunto de cad\u00e1veres empilhados, enquanto preside ao desfile triunfal ap\u00f3s vencida a escaramu\u00e7a. Desta vez, o soberano j\u00e1 porta outra coroa: a pshent <\/a>(4), a coroa do Alto e Baixo Egipto. <\/span><\/div>
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Detalhe da face B<\/span><\/div>
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No centro da paleta surgem dois quadr\u00fapedes, frente a frente, com gigantes pesco\u00e7os entrela\u00e7ados. Duas figuras humanas curvadas fazem for\u00e7a enquanto puxam, para si, as cabe\u00e7as dos animais com uma corda. Estes animais s\u00e3o s\u00edmbolo da conten\u00e7\u00e3o da desordem: os esfor\u00e7os de Narmer transformam o caos em ordem ap\u00f3s a unifica\u00e7\u00e3o do pa\u00eds.<\/div>
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Detalhe da face B<\/span><\/div>
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Na base, o poder do fara\u00f3 aparece simbolizado pela figura de um touro possante que investe toda a sua for\u00e7a contra uma cidade inimiga, destruindo os alicerces do opositor. Debaixo da cabe\u00e7a do animal jaz o corpo de um homem pisado pelo touro enfurecido.<\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Detalhe da face B<\/span><\/div>
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Fotografia integral da Paleta de Narmer | Wikipedia<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A import\u00e2ncia da Paleta de Narmer vai mais al\u00e9m do personagem: a sua iconografia ficar\u00e1 fixada para o resto da hist\u00f3ria eg\u00edpcia e todos os reis querer\u00e3o ser representados como soberanos justos e poderosos que afastam os inimigos do Egipto. Na realidade, a representa\u00e7\u00e3o do fara\u00f3 golpeando com uma ma\u00e7a os seus inimigos \u00e9 uma constante nos monumentos r\u00e9gios: Tutm\u00e9s III ou Rams\u00e9s II, que reinaram mais de quinze s\u00e9culos depois, fizeram-se representar na mesma pose nos muros dos seus templos.<\/span><\/h5><\/div>
(National Geographic Espa\u00f1a, 2012)<\/a><\/span><\/h6><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Bibliografia<\/span><\/h2>
Origen del Egipto Fara\u00f3nico. El Nacimiento de Egipto.<\/em> (2012). Obtido de National Geographic Espa\u00f1a.<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>

Extras\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>
“Paleta de Narmer”, na base de dados The Narmer Catalog<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Notas<\/span><\/h2><\/div>
(1) James E. Quibell e Frederik Green foram dois arque\u00f3logos brit\u00e2nicos que levaram a cabo escava\u00e7\u00f5es em Hieracompolis. Durante as suas interven\u00e7\u00f5es em 1897\/98, no meio de v\u00e1rios artefactos, acabaram por encontrar aquela que conhecemos hoje como a Paleta de Narmer.<\/span><\/div><\/div>
(2) Reproduz a forma das paletas empregadas pelos antigos eg\u00edpcios para misturar os pigmentos e maquilhar-se, mas maior e com elementos comemorativos.<\/span><\/div><\/div>
(3) Rei da Dinastia 0. Citado na Lista Real de Abidos como Meni, e na obra de Maneton como Men\u00e9s. <\/span><\/div><\/div>
(4) Esta “nova” coroa passaria a ser o testemunho da unifica\u00e7\u00e3o do territ\u00f3rio. <\/span><\/div><\/div>
(5) Os investigadores acreditam tratar-se de uma das mais antigas representa\u00e7\u00f5es da deusa Hathor, a regente do c\u00e9u. <\/span><\/div><\/div>
(6) Espa\u00e7o de cariz retangular (neste caso, apresenta-se de forma quadrangular onde eram colocados os nomes dos primeiros fara\u00f3s<\/a>).<\/span><\/div><\/div>
\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Paleta de Narmer trata-se de uma paleta ritual que comemora os feitos do fara\u00f3 Narmer. Descoberta por J. E. Quibell e F. Green, em Hieracompolis, \u00e9 um dos \u00abDocumentos da Unifica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00bb que nos permite compreender o que se passara nos prim\u00f3rdios da civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o eg\u00edpcia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284,837,461,495],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arqueologia","category-british-museum","category-materialidades","category-museus"],"yoast_head":"\nPaleta de Narmer: documento fundacional da identidade eg\u00edpcia - Ancient Egypt: What to know when you know nothing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ancientegyptwhattoknow.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/08\/paleta-de-narmer-documento-fundacional-da-identidade-egipcia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Paleta de Narmer: documento fundacional da identidade eg\u00edpcia - Ancient Egypt: What to know when you know nothing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Paleta de Narmer trata-se de uma paleta ritual que comemora os feitos do fara\u00f3 Narmer. Descoberta por J. E. Quibell e F. 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